Birth human papillomas (HPV) are very common in the world of sexual infections.
The peculiarity of this infection is that for years it may not be clear in any way, but eventually leads to the development of benign disease (papillomas) or malignant (cervical cancer).
Human papilloma virus type
More than 100 HPV types are known. Types of types are special "subspecies" of different viruses between them. The type is indicated by the number given to them when they open.
High oncogenic risk groups are 14 types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 (this type is related to the development of cervical cancer).
In addition, low type of oncogenic risk (especially 6 and 11) is known. They lead to the formation of anogenital warts (pointing condille, papillomas). Papillomas are located in the vulva mucosa, vagina, in the perianal region, on the skin of the genitals. They are almost never malignant, but lead to significant cosmetic defects in the genital area. Warts on other parts of the body (arms, legs, face) can also be caused by this type of virus, and may have different origin. In the next article, we will discuss separately the "high risk" HPV and "low risk".
Human papilloma infection of human papilloma
This virus is spread mainly in sexual intercourse. Sooner or later, HPV almost all women are infected: up to 90% of active sexual women will face this infection throughout life.
But there is good news: the most infected (about 90%) will eliminate HPV without two years of medical intervention.
This is a common process of infectious processes caused by HPV in the human body. This time it is enough for the human immune system to completely eliminate the virus. In such cases, HPV will not harm the body.That is, if HPV was found for a while, but now no, it's true -it's normal!
Keep in mind that the immune system works for different people with "different speeds". In this case, the speed of getting rid of HPV can vary in sexual partners. Therefore, the situation is possible when one partner finds HPV, and the other is not.
Most people are infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity, and many of them will not know that HPV has been infected. The immunity continues after the infection is not formed, so the re -kuman germs may be both of the same viruses that have a meeting, and other types of viruses.
HPV "high risk" is dangerous as it can lead to the development of cervical cancer and some other types of cancer. High -risk HPV does not cause any other problems. HPV does not lead to the development of inflammation in the mucosa/cervix of the vagina, menstrual cycle or infertility.
HPV does not affect the ability to conceive and pregnancy. The "high risk" of children's HPV is not transmitted during pregnancy and during childbirth. Diagnosis of human papilloma virus
It is practical to take analysis for HPV HPV at high risk of oncogenic up to 25 years (except for women who start sexual life earlier (up to 18 years)), because at that time it is very likely to detect the virus, which will leave the body itself.
After 25-30 years, it makes sense to take the analysis:
- Together with cytological analysis (pap - test). If there is a change in the PAP test, and the "high risk" of HPV, then this condition requires special attention;
- HPV's long -term persistence of "high risk" if no cytological changes also require attention. Recently, it has been proven that the sensitivity of the HPV test in the prevention of cervical cancer is higher than the sensitivity of the cytological study, and therefore the definition of only HPV (without cytological research) is approved as an independent study for the prevention of cervical cancer in the United States. However, in Russia, annual cytological studies are recommended, therefore, the two combinations of these studies are seen as reasonable;
- After the treatment of displacement/precancer/cervical cancer (the absence of HPV in analysis after treatment almost always shows successful treatment). For research, it is necessary to obtain smear from the cervical tract (it is possible to study and material from the vagina, however, it is recommended that the material are recommended from the cervix).
Analysis must be taken:
- Once a year (if the HPV "high risk" was previously found, and the analysis was approved in conjunction with the cytological study);
- 1 time in 5 years, if the previous analysis is negative.
It is almost unnecessary to take HPV low oncogenic risk analysis. If there is no papillomas, then this analysis does not make sense in principle (virus transport may be, there is no virus treatment, so it is not known what to do with the analysis results).
If there is papillomas, then:
- Usually they are caused by HPV;
- It is necessary to eliminate it regardless of whether we will find 6/11 types or not;
- If you take a smear, then continue with your own papillomas, and not from the vagina/cervix.
There are tests to identify different types of HPVs. If you regularly take tests for HPV, note the specific types included in the analysis. Some laboratories do research only on the 16th and 13th types, others -for all types together. It is also possible to take an analysis that will identify all 14 "high risk" viruses in quantitative format. Quantitative features are important to predict the possible development of precancer and cervical cancer. This test should be used in the context of cervical cancer prevention, and not as an independent test. Analysis for HPV without cytological (RAR test) most often does not allow us to conclude the patient's health status.
There is no such analysis that will determine whether the virus will "leave" in a particular patient.
Human papilloma virus treatment
No drug treatment for HPV. There are methods of treating countries caused by HPV (papillomas, displacements, predictions, cervical cancer). This treatment should be carried out using the surgical method (cryocoagulation, laser, radio knife).
No "immunostimulants" are related to HPV treatment and cannot be used. There are no widely known drugs that exceed adequate tests that will show their effectiveness and safety. No protocols/standards/suggestions are included in these drugs. The presence or absence of cervical "erosion" does not affect HPV treatment tactics.
If the patient does not have complaints, nor is the papill/change in the cervix during colposcopy and according to the PAP - test, no treatment procedure is required.
It is only necessary to recapture the analysis once a year and monitor the cervical condition (PAP test every year, colposcopy). In most patients, the virus will "leave" the body itself. If it does not leave, it is true -the choice is that it will lead to the development of cervical cancer, but control is required. Sexual treatment is not required (with the exception of cases where both couples have genital papilloma).
Prevention of human papilloma virus
Vaccines have been developed that protects from 16 and 18 HPV types (one vaccine also protects from 6 and 11 types). Types of HPVs 16 and 18 "are responsible" for 70% of cervical cancer cases, and therefore protection against them is very important. Planned vaccinations are used in 45 countries. Condom (does not provide 100%protection).